New boiler technology promises cleaner energy -LIVEJOURNAL

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SOUTH KOREA Despite success and promise, the wide-scale deployment of integrated gasification combined-cycle IGCC in South Korea is a few years away.

The country has negligible domestic coal production, only possessing 149 million tons of recoverable coal reserves, and must import coal to satisfy demand. Over the years, South Korea has become the world's second-largest coal importer, after Japan. The electric power sector accounts for more than half of coal consumption, though IGCC promises a much cleaner future for coal-fired power plants.

While IGCC is in line with South Korea's new and renewable energy program, the country cannot afford to wait for new technology to be employed, nor drastically decrease imports in favor of emissions reduction.

Currently, most of the world, including South Korea, employs pulverized-bed boilers PBB in coal-fired power plants and these, along with past types of boilers, have given coal-powered plants very poor reputations. PBB plants require that coal be ground into a fine dust before being fired at high temperatures escaping emissions, such as sulfuric oxides and nitric oxides, are ineffectively collected by scrubbers. Coal plants have the reputation of being among the most pollution-inducing types of power plant.

A new boiler technology is rapidly taking hold in the world of coal-derived energy, and this new technology may serve as a more-than-suitable bridge between PBB and IGCC. Circular fluidized-bed combustion, known better as FBC, utilizes fluidized-bed boilers FBB that do not require coal dust or extremely high temperatures. Granulated coal is loaded onto a suspended boiling before held aloft by upward-blowing air currents, tumbling the coal. This tumbling motion allows for more effective combustion and requires lower combustion temperatures. Combustion in FBBs occurs below the threshold temperature at which nitric oxides are produced, thus eliminating the need for that type of emissions capture. Internal limestone beds capture sulfuric oxides within the boiler instead of relying on external capture units, effectively reducing emissions up to 95. FBC plants require less in the way external emissions capture units and are therefore more cost-effective than past types.

Coal-fired plants utilizing FBBs now emit less in the way of greenhouse gases than oil-fire power plants, rendering the latter obsolete.

South Korea has wasted little time and has started converting existing oil-fired and PBB coal-fired power plants to FBC plants. Korea South-East Power Company, one of the government-controlled subsidiaries of Korea Electric Power Corporation KEPCO, is in the middle of replacing an oil-fired boiler at its Yeosu power plant. The $310 million, 340-megawatt FBB is expected to be brought online sometime late next year.

Another important characteristic of FBBs is the ability to burn solid fuels other than coal. This includes biomass, which is becoming an important alternative fuel in South Korea as many of the local governments and a few big name companies develop refused-derived fuel RDF production plants. RDF has a caloric value similar to that of coal at a fourth of the cost, and can be produced domestically as it's generated from municipal solid waste. Assuming that South Korea remains on track with its plants to utilize IGCC in the future, plants using FBBs can switch easily to the use of RDF and biomass, allowing the country to rely less on coal imports.

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Dozens of NK defectors booked for insurance fraud -LIVEJOURNAL

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Dozens of North Korean defectors have been booked for committing insurance fraud here, in which they gained more than 1 billion won ($874,737), police said Tuesday. The Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency said they applied for arrest warrants for two North Korean defectors, including a 28-year-old woman whose identity is being withheld, on suspicion of getting falsely hospitalized to win insurance money. Twenty-five more North defectors were also booked for insurance fraud, the police said. The suspects held a large amount of insurance policies and got hospitalized for a variety of false diseases before winning a total of 1.04 billion won in compensation from 2007-10, according to the police. Police investigations found that while hospitalized they frequented saunas, restaurants and even night clubs. The insurance money was mostly spent on living expenses or sent through Chinese brokers to their families in the North, the police also noted. The police added that they have also booked a 71-year-old doctor and five other hospital employees for falsely admitting them, and two brokers who helped them transmit the money to the North. The doctor and his staff earned more than 100 million won from the national health insurance agency through the fraud. "The suspects found the doctor's hospital through word of mouth that he easily let people in for hospitalization," a police official said. "We will expand our investigation as there is intelligence on similar cases at more hospitals." More than a thousand defectors come into the South every year in search of political freedom and economic prosperity, but many fail to adjust to the new system. (Yonhap)